صورة مجتمع جميل بثينة في شعره

الملخص EN

The phenomenon of platonic parthenogenesis in the Umayyad period attracted the attention of students in the past and present due to its importance, originality and its link by time and place.

If the old Arab criticism got satisfied with marking the main characteristics that distinguished the phenomenon from others and its poets from others, the new Arab criticism approached this phenomenon basing on contextual and systemic criticism approaches that lit many of its aspects.

Although, major literary phenomena in our heritage remains in need of further disclosure by studying its parts carefully to reinforce previous results or to reach new results.

Hence, this research made part of this unique phenomenon its scope of study and this part is: the image of the society of the poet Jamil Bin Muammar as reflected in his poetry by tracking members of the community where the poet lived such as his relatives, others, and the public that appeared in his poetry whether as individuals or groups.

These points will be addressed without discussing the image of Buthaina in Jamil’s poetry.

Since, it is the other half of the platonic experience that we seek to know the attitude of the society towards it positively and negatively.

But Buthaina will impose herself on this research in different positions, especially when the poet considers her as an alternative to the community or to some of its members or to important things in his life.

We are not of those who are considering poetry as a compelling document through its contents of gloss, ideas and incidents, but we find that the platonic parthenogenesis is not artistic or intellectual luxury but an expression of historical, social and realistic issue.

Further, we did not resort to news and platonic prose stories to know the poet’s social relationship with his surroundings, but we interrogated his poetry, which portrayed that relationship and we read his divan line by line to collect the material of our research .

The Poet confined to mentioning all of the enemies, whistle-blowers, the censors, friends, the family of Buthaina and his family.

He sometimes indicates the people and sometimes the competitors of Buthaina in his love or the competitors of him in Buthaina’s love.

The ruler also has not gone unnoticed especially his attitude towards Jamil’s poetry and his experience of platonic parthenogenesis.

The research has pointed out the attitudes of all towards this experience irrespective of its negativity and positivity.

It revealed the tyranny of the enemies’ battlefronts where they have been mentioned frequently in his poetry as well as they have been considered the first suspect in the failed love experience of him and Buthaina.

His attitude has been generally hostile and negative ...

Friends were not many and were not mentioned so much.

They sympathized with the poet's plight and advised him to go beyond it but uselessly.

People in general had a similar attitude.

His family seemed afflicted because of their son’s plight and they looked like grieving over him while he is still alive.

Buthaina’s family, including her father, husband, brothers and cousins, had permanent presence in Jamil’s poetry for their hostile attitude to the point of stalking death.

In sum, the research has pointed out the image of competitors of Jamil in Buthaina’s love and competitors of Buthaina in Jamil’s love.

This was the exception that promoted the unification of the beloved in the platonic parthenogenesis, while the ruler seemed to be in line with the enemies of the phenomenon.

Thus, the research has emphasized on the importance of social interpretation of the phenomenon of platonic parthenogenesis beside the other explanations suffered by scholars.

In addition, the poet, Jamil Buthaina, has a weak integration into society, i.e.

unobtrusive socially, because the ardent love is originally an internal activity not external, especially in the advanced stages.