الجفاف و تصحر المراعي الطبيعية و أثرهما في تنمية الثروة الحيوانية في السودان

الملخص EN

The objective of the study was to determine the impact of such desertification on natural pasture sand livestock The study used the historical approach, the politicalecology approach, and the descriptive analytical approach.

The most important results of the study are: Drought in Sudan began gradually: light, moderate, severe, and very severe drought.

The first drought occurred in 1911, and the last was in 1998,And has had multipleeffects,physical deterioration of natural pastures that represent 80% of the diet of livestock, having diversified livestock production systems to patterns represented in: mobilegrazing, stable and family stable and domestic family and semi-intensive, and intensive investment.

And the alternative feed was used which represents 20% of the diet of animals in the Sudan.

Livestock was deteriorated in 2011because of desertification, which hit natural grasslands, as well as other factors.

Camels and cows practiced high pressure on natural pastures compared with sheep and goats.

There has been development of sheep and camels, Sheep and camels were developed, while proportion of cows and goats was decreased, the percentage of the cows was 29.7% in 2003out of total livestock, and was tumbled to 28.1% in 2011 ,and the proportion of the sheep was 36.2% in 2003 rose to 37.3% in 2011 and the goats decreased from 31.4% in 2003 to 29.1% in 2011 and the percentage of camels from 2.6% in 2003 to 5.4% in 2011, while the animals withdrawn for export, thesheep ranked first , goat was the second, while cattle ranked the third and camels ranked the last.

The most important recommendations was to: create a national center for pastures and livestock information systems, and the creation of two types of environment and natural pastures management, the first in a constant geographic locations and the second animated by the movement of pastoralists to monitor the environment and natural pastures, attention to pastoral planning, activation of the environmental protection law, the creation ofinvestmentoriented maps ,procedure of researches, attention to animal statistics, modernization of production systems, the introduction of vaccines and serums programs and services and veterinary extension , establishment of quarantines and encourage investment in the livestock sector in Sudan.