"النقد الإيكولوجي و تجلياته في روايتي (حرب الكلب الثانية)‎ لإبراهيم نصر الله و (إسكندرية 2050)‎ لصبحي الفحماوي"

الملخص EN

From time to time, urgent issues arise on the field of life that require everyone to pay attention to them and devise plans to avoid the risks resulting from them and solve the problems related to them, and the greatest concern lies on the shoulders of the decision-making officials in the country, as well as on the shoulders of thinkers, scholars and intellectuals, each in his specialization.

Often there is a specific issue that brings together all disciplines and all sciences, and among these major concerns and serious problems are environmental problems and risks related to current and expected environmental disasters, current and future, so it was among the interdisciplinary sciences that brought together philosophers, environmental scientists, critics, writers, politicians, jurists, engineers and many others.

As a result of successive developments or the transmission of catastrophic regressions in recent decades throughout the world, a large gathering of different disciplines has begun to pay attention to environmental issues and fight for it, and for the sake of the current and future generations.

Environmental writings and environmental discourse are postmodern speech, and it is considered part of the prevailing globalization now, and it is witnessing an increasing growth in the world, although this discourse is greater in the West than in the Ar, due to the environmental disasters realized and expected as a result of human interaction with the environment and their continuous attempts to conquer Nature
what the spreading epidemic (Corona) in the world now is but an environmental catastrophe that befell the whole world, and it has proven that environmental disasters when they happen they include everyone and affect the whole world and pay their taxes on everyone, regardless of gender, color, race or religion, so the importance of environmental issues is higher.

Now as ever, in order to preserve the environment with all its human and non-human components.

The responsibility lies with everyone.

And since literature represents the moral side of civilization that drives, supports and directs the material side, so it must assume its responsibility towards the environment and its issues, hence the importance of environmental literary criticism that is concerned with the environment and man's relationship with it and directs his attention to environmental problems.

The importance of my research - as I see God knows best - is represented in two matters: The first is the definition of literature and ecological criticism, and before that of ecological philosophy and the ecological doctrines on which the ecological criticism is based.

And the second of them: it presents two models of modern Arabic literature that are concerned with environmental issues and in them clearly show some of the different ideas found in Western schools of thought, and these two models are the novel of the writer Ibrahim Nasrallah (The Second Dog War), and the novel of the writer Subhi al-Fahmawi (Alexandria 2050).

For these two narratives specifically, it is the manifestation of ecological concepts and issues in them.

I also wanted to present two opposing models in presenting environmental issues, as the writer Ibrahim Nasrallah took the dystopian form during the presentation of his novel, while the writer Subhi al-Fahmawi took the direction of environmental issues based on hope or positive change.

They are differences in form only, while the essence you find similar and common between the two writers.

As for the division of the research, I divided it into three main topics:
The first topic: (Environment, concept and implications)
In this topic, I presented some important foundational concepts on which ecological criticism is based before we got acquainted with it.

The second topic: Ecological criticism (concept - origin - topic)
In this topic, I presented the concept of ecological criticism, and its history in the West as the offspring of the Western environment, then its topics and field of interest.

The third topic: Representations of ecological issues in my novel (The Second Dog War and Alexandria 2050)
In this topic, I focused on tracing the environmental issues mentioned in these two narratives, and their views on nature and mankind