الكلام و اللغة و الكتابة عند إخوان الصفاء و خلان الوفاء(334ه-373ه)‎

الملخص EN

Historians of scientific research-especially in the West - neglect the efforts of Arabs and Muslims in linguistic research and the linguistic treasures that abound in them.

We can hardly see them mentioned in their writings except India and Greece, and from this standpoint we chose from those who are interested in tongue science and famous in languages other than philosophers and especially the sages of the fourth century AH They are: (the Ikhwan al-Safa and Khellan al-Wafa), who differentiated in their messages between man and animal, as they demonstrated the relationship of the pronouncement of reason and its cognitive power, and thus proved the essential element of speech and the uniqueness of man with it, so that language becomes a human advantage, distinguishing man alone from all beings.

They were subjected to research at different levels of language, spoken, written and intellectual, and explained the relationship between them, so they clarified the reality of the spoken language, which is embodied in words, and the characteristics of the written language represented by the writing industry, indicating its origin and its difference from one nation to another, and its preference in obtaining science and knowledge.