المرأة في أدب وادي الرافدين

الملخص EN

Conclusion: Women had a great place in the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, Where she was associated with land, fertility, love and wisdom.

She is the mother and she is the wife and the beloved.

She is the queen, shepherd and protector, priestess that organizes worshiping rituals that strengthens the relationship between God and man.

Therefore, society gave her a distinct place that was not yet recognized by civilizations who surrounded the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia.

The laws called for the organization of community life and to pay attention to the status and rights of women where they also occupied an important place in the literary and poetic texts (Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian), so we chose a number of literary texts that dealt with women and expressed them in different ways to shed light on them through study and analysis.

The first literary texts we have touched on are one of the poems of love in the literature of Mesopotamia, a Sumerian song that celebrates the beauty of the bride Kupatm, the wife of the Sumerian king (Shu-Sin).

Then we addressed the woman in the epic of Gilgamesh where the saga presented several roles, including the woman sent by Gilgamesh to Enkidu to be by his side and to learn the wisdom on her hands when the time comes for him to move to live in the city (Uruk) where he meets Gilgamesh and the story sequence follows the journey of Gilgamesh in search of immortality, another woman appears in the story, (Sodori) the owner of a bar who advises Gilgamesh to be satisfied with what the gods gave him and stop searching for immortality because death is the inevitable fate of all humans.

Here women expresses epicurean wisdom in a simple and clear manner.

Finally, we refer to the Creator Woman or the Goddess in the myth of (Enki and Nangarsaj), where this myth presented the woman as the goddess of healing, that gives life and heals the sick.

also, The importance of this epic lies in the fact that it influenced the biblical story of the creation of Eve from Adam's rib as mentioned in the Old Testament where Eve was considered the mother of all human beings, and acquired some of its structure from the myths of Mesopotamia and the most prominent myth, which we are dealing with on the subject, as we held a comparison between the two stories and illustrated the affecting and the effected between the two