أثر الاقتصاد الخفي في النمو الاقتصادي في بلدان نامية مختارة 1995-2018

الملخص EN

The hidden economy is one of the threats facing the economic systems of the developing and developed countries, particularly in developing countries because it constitutes a high proportion of its gross domestic product GDP.

This kind of economy means tax evasion which negatively affects the state budget and all levels of public spending includes all economic activities carried out by individuals or enterprises that are not registered legally and do not enter into national income accounts and are not subject to the administrative and judicial system.

This kind of economy leads to further misled in statistics and information to the extent that it makes them inaccurate and does not clarify the economic and real potential of the country, which leads to a misallocation of economic resources and national product during the period 1995-2018.

In order to prove this hypothesis, a number of developing countries were selected to be a sample of our study: Egypt, Tunisia, Thailand, Jordan, Turkey, and Malaysia, where the data of the time series were relied on in the estimation of the phenomenon under study.

Number of independent variables were selected represented by values of the X1 hidden economy, number of labor force X2, the capital composition X3, the net outcomes X4 and the speed of the cash turnover X5, while the values of GDP were adopted as variables adopted in the standard models used in the estimate.

This study reaches a number of conclusions, the most important of which were that the obstacles to the formal economy sector and public policies in the state and its laws and legislation are among the most important reasons leading to the spread of the hidden economy, and the lack of available employment opportunities, high unemployment rates and the small number of public and private sector projects and their limited in the orption of the unemployed are one of the most important reasons for the spread of the hidden economy.

The study recommends the need for horizontal expansion and vertical integration between the public and private sectors in order to increase their ability to orb more labor force coming to the business market and seek to increase the rates of economic growth with a formula contributes expanding the formal sector to the point where it replaces the illegible sector.