المذاهب الإسلامية في ممالك السودان الغربي في العصر الوسيط

الملخص EN

Summary: Competition was fierce among merchants, scholars and preachers was fierce to spread the various Islamic sects in Western Sudan in the Middle Ages.

It was natural for Islamic sects to spread in parallel with the spread of Islam and since the first Maghreb traders who entered Sudan were Kharijites-Ibadites and sufrites, Islam spread in parallel with their doctrines during the second and the third centuries of the Hegira.

Despite the control of the Fatimids over the Maghreb and their elimination from the Kharijite states - the state of Rustamite Ibadite of Tahert and the state of Bani Mdrar Safriya at sijilmassa in 297 AH, the doctrine of the Shiites had virtually no presence in the country of Sudan.

The domination of the kharigite tribes on the caravan routes in the sahara and the activity of the maalikites had prevented the infiltration of Ismaili doctrine in sub-Saharan Africa.

By the time the Almoravids entered the kingdom of Ghana, Malikite doctrine prevailed throughout western Sudan and became the dominant doctrine in that region.

It then became the official doctrine of all the kingdoms of Islamic Sudan - Ghana, Mali, Sanghai and Kanem-Bornu, and became the distinctive character of cultural, social and economic life.

The books of Malikites are the most widely distributed books, and a number of Malikite scholars have emerged, among them the famous Ahmad Baba al-Tanbakti, the author of the book Neil al-ibtihage.

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