قياس مستوى التفاؤل و التشاؤم لدى تلاميذ المرحلة المتوسطة و الثانوية و طلاب الجامعة : دراسة ميدانية بمدينة سعيدة

الملخص EN

the current study at To measure the level of optimism and pessimism among the intermediate and secondary school pupils and students of the university, school level .The sample of the study consisted of(333)learner, For achieving the purposes of the study .the researcher attempted the descriptive analytical approach.

After using appropriate statistical methods .The study results .where optimism reached 70,57% and pessimism 24.93%.There were no statically significant differences in optimism and pessimism due to gender(malefemale).

The existence of differences variable school level.