إنتاج و تسويق البرتقال المصري : دراسة حالة محافظة البحيرة

الملخص EN

Egyptian oranges have a comparative and competitive advantage in foreign markets.

In spite of this, there are still problems in the stages of production and marketing across its various paths, which may be on the margins of marketing and marketing functions of oranges.

The research aimed to get acquainted with the current situation of the production and marketing of Egyptian oranges in general and the Beheira Governorate in particular during the period (2004 - 2018).

The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: (1) The average value of the production and area of during the period (2015-2018) was 61.9%, 90.3% of the average value of citrus production and exports, respectively.

(2) The average fruit area and production of oranges during the period (2004-2018) was 257.2 thousand feddans and 2583.7 thousand tons, respectively.

The average relative importance of oranges exports for production was 27.3%.(3) It was found from the seasonal index of the quantities and prices of oranges in the wholesale market in the lake that they are increse in 2020 counterparts in 2018, with a change of about 11.3%, 37.5%.

(4) The most important items of variable production costs per acre of orange yield were estimated at 22.95 thousand pounds in the research sample, which includes all agricultural operations, tasks, petty cash, labor and rent.

The cost of rent comes in the first place, estimated at 10800 pounds, equivalent to 47.1%, and it reached an average Annual production per acre is 17.9 tons, with an average selling price of about 3486 pounds per ton, and a total return of 61840 pounds, and the variable costs of acre production are about 22.95 thousand pounds, while the costs of producing tons per ton are 1285.7 pound / ton, and profitability The pound spent is about 1.7 pounds, while the ratio of total return to total variable costs was 2.7% (5) The marketing stages of the orange, it was found that the suppliers' behavior came first in terms of importance at the farm level, selling on the field, wholesaler, selling to export companies, selling fatigue.

(6) It turned out that the highest marketing costs were for sale to export companies, the wholesaler and the retailer, which amounted to 1796, 767, and 390 pounds / ton, respectively.

With an estimate of the marketing efficiency, it was revealed that the highest efficiency ratio was for the retailer in the market, which amounted to 76.7 %, Followed by the wholesaler and selling to export companies at 62.6%, 41.7%.

(7) The most important productive and marketing problems of oranges are high labor wages and their unavailability of immigration, low prices for the sale of the crop, lack of information on prices in wholesale markets and the distance of places for analyzing orange samples from sorting and packing stations.