المنافسة الأوروبية للسيطرة على المضائق العثمانية خلال القرن التاسع عشر

الملخص EN

The European powers showed a particular interest for the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles because of theirs commercial importance.

The competition for theirs controls were happened in three phases: the first during the golden age of the Ottomans, where they had the monopoly of the straits.

The second during its decadence and the conclusion of kaynarca treaty 1774, where Russia obtained the first right of passage.

The third, during the dismemberment of the Empire from the nineteenth century, several conventions were concluded, forcing the ottomans to grant and withdraw the privileges of the straits.

The competition between the powers for the control of the passages increased, and the danger persists in Europe for the rights of passage.

This research aims at demonstrating the stages of the control of the Ottomans on the straits, and the European competition for their control, using the analysis of the straits conventions, and result in prove the extent menaces relating to the passages from the times of the Ottomans to the present day.