مجالات الاقتصاد العثماني في ولاية بيروت 1887-1914 م

الملخص EN

The state of Beirut (1887-1914) witnessed a number of changes in agriculture, industry and trade.

In spite of the agriculture played a substantial role that affected peoples' life since the farms were the main source for most of them if not all in Beirut state, but it had not given a considerable concern during Ottoman Era.

Agriculture became away from the local real need and directly realated to Europain capital.

It could not occpied a high position although Ottoman government declared that it was so important.

Those who were responsible imposed farmers to pay huge taxes and the moneylenders forced them to deliver benefits up to 100% and strongly deprived them from their lands because of the unfair system adopted by the gevernment.

Concerning industry, it was worse than agriculture in Beirut state, it tottaly broke down at that period due to the fact that Istanbul appealed the most Arabic skillful makers and the imposed restraint trade.

All that negatively affected the local trade status without depending on a proper solution to leave Europain trade.

In the respect of trade, it occupied the third rank beyond agriculture and industry regarding its workers.

Beirut city was an important which had a prominant position.

Its harbor was so substantial in Levant.

It was opened for all foreigners espesially the Europain ones.

The French merchants came before the others to activated their commercial work in Beirut state.

The important conclusions That the researcher reached of after simple show for these divisions are : 1-The expansion that Ottoman goverment did in the areas of agricultral repair led to positive results on society which caused the increase of gricultural variety production ,yet the y obliged high rate of taxes that made the society tired.

2- Trade and indusy were major concerns of Ottoman goverment.

They brought workers and skills for their economical sides promotion and they started to temp the skilled workers to istabul in attempt of emptying the area from the skilled workers because their aim was to enrich their economy rather than taking of society.