تأثير المشاريع الصغيرة و المتوسطة في دحر المشكلة السكانية في اليمن : دراسة لعينة من ملاك المشاريع و العاملين في المشاريع الصغيرة و المتوسطة بأمانة العاصمة أنموذجاً

الملخص EN

The research aims at studying the impact of small and medium enterprises on population economics in rolling back the population problem, reducing unemployment and alleviating poverty as one of the successful means to face the population problem in Yemen.

To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the relevant questionnaire, schedules, and quarterly and periodic reports have been used from within the funding institutions or projects themselves, in addition to (statistics - surveys - books and periodicals - conferences) in this regard, where they were applied to the research sample in the (intentional) method, and integrated with the method of the quota sample.

The research population is mainly composed of thoroughly heterogeneous groups such as (micro - small - medium), (commercial - service - industrial).

The research sample included all the districts of the Capital Secretariat with a number of (80) projects and (260) workers, with a total of (340) owners and workers, of which (76.7%) were males and (23.3%) were females, and the data were processed by the statistical program (SPSS).

The research reached a number of results including the following: The results showed that the improvement of the living situation was noticeable in the various aspects of expenditure, from spending on food, which was ranked first among the expenditure priorities, then spending on clothing, health, education and housing, acquiring the modern electrical appliances and the enjoyment of clean water, hygiene and sanitation, as well as having the means of transport.

The results showed that the improvement rates in the sample of the owners are higher than the sample of workers, where (72.03%) were owners and (47.69%) were workers, thus the improvement rates are at the total sample of (53.42%).

The study showed that SMEs have an impact on increasing the income ratio, and consequently on poverty alleviation significantly.

The results showed that (34.7%) of the both samples total were paid workers in economic projects or owners of previous projects for the entire sample now.

It was shown that the previous average income for the sample of workers, employed in this field, was about (32468) riyals, and for the entire sample, the average income was (9860) riyals only.

Currently, the majority in the sample workers have wages in the second class, i.e.

more than (30,000) riyals, with an average of (47188) riyals for the entire sample workers, while the average income of the owners sample is an amount of (24.43%) of the gross capital.

From the research results, the researcher reached several recommendations, key among which are:Giving the idea of small enterprises the academic interest it deserves at the national level, by encouraging universities, institutes and research centers, to conduct research and studies on the present subject.

- Emphasizing the need to conduct the economic studies related to the urgent needs of the Yemeni society, and making a chart for small and medium enterprises at the level of the Republic, and publishing it to the public periodically, to consider the reality of small enterprises already in place and their position in the geographical map, and to evaluate the feasibility of activities that feed and supplement such enterprises.

Key words: Small and Medium Enterprises - Population Problem in Yemen.