Autonomic Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, Potential Diagnostic Markers, and Treatment

الملخص EN

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the middle-aged and the elderly.

Symptoms of autonomic dysfunctions are frequently seen in PD patients, severely affecting the quality of life.

This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options of autonomic dysfunctions.

The clinical significance of autonomic dysfunctions in PD early diagnosis and differential diagnosis is also discussed.