التوجهات النسبية في فلسفة العلوم المعاصرة

الملخص EN

The scientific developments and their repercussions on humans, society and the environment constituted one of the main concerns in the philosophy of contemporary science.

This led to the emergence of an active intellectual movement that inquired about the truth of science and the mechanisms of its actions, the nature of the approaches used in it, as well as the legitimacy of the findings reached.

The aim behind this research was to clarify the most important intellectual turns known by the philosophy of contemporary science.

The beginning was with the logical positivism that adopted induction as a method, and the principle of verification as an effective mechanism in building a scientific theory.

In light of the criticisms made by Karl Popper for the foundations of the logical positivism, he suggested an alternative that is the deductive approach, relying on the principle of falsification as opposed to the principle of verification.

And with the emergence of relativism with Thomas Kuhn, “Emery Lakatus”, and Paul Feyerabend, everything that is absolute in scientific knowledge in particular, and human knowledge in general, has been undermined.

Therefore, it is necessary not to accept phenomena, laws and provisions simply without examining and discussing them, but work to try to change them, and that will come only with philosophizing.