التنبيه و وظائفه : دراسة نحوية دلالية

الملخص EN

There is no doubt that the state of the addressee or the listener does not proceed in the same way regarding receiving the message, and he may have experienced something that causes him not to receive it as he should, such as being asleep or idle or slack, or exposed, or oblivious, or otherwise.

Hence, the sender intends to do what would make the addressee alert and attentive, so that the communication would be complete and the sender would achieve the purpose of the message.

These alert things are included in the so-called language functions.And the alert has its prominent role in creating communication between the interlocutors, but it did not receive sufficient attention from the scholars.

So, I tried in this study to shed light on this phenomenon that the speaker employs in an effort to prepare the addressee, evoke his thought and draw his attention in order to ensure his response and achieve the planned purpose, focusing on the syntactic and structural aspect of the original alert tools: “No, Either, ha, "and highlighting the moral significance it achieves that strengthens and confirms speech, and distributes its time to the past or future according to context clues.