نمط إدارة موارد الأنفال في المجتمع الإسلامي في القرآن و السيرة النبوية : دراسة فقهية مقارنة لآراء علماء الفريقين

الملخص EN

The issues of Anfal and how to deal with it have been a controversial debate among Shiite and Sunni scholars for a long time.

Following questions have been raised:What is the nature and position of Anfal and Faai in Islamic society? What can be the influence of Anfal on the development of religious system and expanding the social justice? Who is the owner of Anfal and How should it's possession be defined?In this article a litteral definition of Anfal has been rendered and then its particular meaning has been defined according to the opinions of Shiite and Sunni scholars.

Probable conflicts between the verses of Khums and Anfal and Faai have been also scrutinized in the present essay.

Furthermore, we have dicussed the issue of whether the decree about Anfal in Qur'an has been abrogates or not?Consequently by studing sources of Jurisprudential and interpretative of Shiite and Sunni clear that Anfal is kingdom of Allah and his prophet and after the death of the Prophet is kingdom of his caliphs.

Our new theory is that dignities of prophet are two types: personal dignities of prophet; and dignities are attributed to prophetic mission.

They have difference.

According to our opinion, the prophet based on his personal dignities has right of possession and in this regard like other people, they give their personal properties to heirs after the death.

Therefore according to verses and traditions about Anfal and Faai and Khums, Anfal is divided into two parts: first section, that regard to personal dignities of the prophet, become Personal possession of the prophet and after his death is given to his heirs.

And second section of Anfal, that regard to dignities are attributed to prophetic mission, give to his real successor.