الانفتاح التجاري... نحو مقاييس بديلة : دراسة تحليلية لبعض النماذج

الملخص EN

This study aimed to evaluate the measuring methods of the degree of trade openness of countries; by reviewing the various available approaches.

The study concluded that trade openness is a multi-dimensional concept and cannot be summarized in a single concept or measure, as trade shares, that are commonly used.

Instead, it's important to build composite measures, taking into account other metrics, like: the relative world trade intensity, the average levels of trade restrictions, gravity factors, as well as the countries' trade facilities indicators.