محاكاة الحضارة عند ارنولد توينبي

الملخص EN

Is a commonplace that societies everywhere and at any time seek to achieve progress and prosperity, of which the underlying factors tend to constitute a controversy amongst philosophers of history and civilization, and before them governors and politicians.

this controversy has prompted the emergence of a number of theories; some of which attribute the progress of nations to a Devine power; some others attribute it to human effectiveness sustained by their mental abilities, while others attribute it to geographical factors and sometimes ethnic reasons.

however, the English historian Arnold Toynbee, who studied all the civilizations known to humanity, found that it is about how nations respond to the challenges they face, and he then mentioned some of the actions which would help in civilizing the society, among which is simulation.

in this article, we will focus on this procedure, revealing the conditions of its success and the reasons for its failure from the point of view of this intellectual; with reference to the intellectual background that we think is behind this position.