أبو نصر الفارابي فيلسوف و متكلم "كتاب إحصاء العلوم نموذجا" الفصل الخامس : العلم المدني و علم الفقه و علم الكلام : دراسة تحليلية نقدية

الملخص EN

Attempts to classify the sciences and branches of knowledge have not stopped throughout the ages, as Arab and Muslim scholars have been concerned, since the beginning of their civilization, with controlling the concepts of science, describing them in a detailed manner and dividing them precisely, as classification contributes to the containment of the culture of a given age and the movement of its sciences.

Perhaps the book: "Ihssa' el'ouloum" (Science Statistics) is one of the first books that contributed to the classification and categorization of well-known sciences in the past, as it embodies Al-Farabi's theory (d.

339 AH950 AD) in the classification of sciences and the usefulness of each of them.

The book compiler counted in its introduction five chapters and noted the benefits it contains towards defining the topic of science, controlling the benefits and goals, and balancing the sciences in order to identify the best, the most reliable, and the weakest.

Al-Farabi stated that: “With this book, a person is able to compare the sciences, so he knows which are better, which are more beneficial, which are more powerful, stronger, and which are weaker.

Al-Farabi simplifies in his book the structure of the cognitive conceptualization, taking great care to the logical sequence and arrangement.

He begins with the sciences of introductions, such as linguistics and logic, then the science of teachings and natural science, and concludes with civil science, jurisprudence and theology.

It is, then, more like what is called an Arab circle of knowledge, as it established the epistemology of the human sciences in Arab thought during the medieval era.

Key words: classification of sciences, theology, jurisprudence, logic