هجرة السودانيين إلى الخارج : الأسباب و الآثار النفسية و الاجتماعية

الملخص EN

Recent studies of emigration have explored the social, political or climatic forces that push emigrants abroad.

Very few studies have focussed on the psy- chological forces.

The present study attempts to analyze and measure (i) the forces that have led citizens of the Sudan to emigrate, and (ii) the external forces that have attracted them.

The effects of emigration on mental health and social identity are measured, as is the degree of social interaction by Sudanese emigrants with native peoples.

Before proceeding to the analysis, the paper provides a survey of emigra- tion theories.

The authors have adopted Hoffman and Nowotny's theory' of societal systems.

In order to achieve the aims of the study, five scales were constructed.

On a technical level, face validity and construct validity have been applied, and a reliability analysis has been conducted by the test-retest method and by the split-half method.

By applying the five scales, the study has demonstrated the following.

When the Sudanese emigrants were in their homeland, they were politically, eco- nomically, socially and psychologically deprived.

Prospects in the countries to which they emigrated were good.

The Sudanese emigrants maintained and preserved their social identity during the period of their emigration.

They also had a satisfactory experience, on a social level, interacting with the soci- eties of the countries to which they emigrated ■