الكفاءة الاقتصادية و التسويقية لمحصول الجوافة في محافظة الإسكندرية

الملخص EN

The research aimed to estimating the economic and marketing efficiency of Guava crop in Alexandria Governorate.

In order to fulfill the above objective the research depends on the descriptive and quantitative analysis, applied for the primary data that was collected from farmers, wholesalers and retailers in Alexandria Governorate, Whereas a random sample of guava farmers was selected from the Maamoura Agricultural Administration in Alexandria Governorate during the 2020 season, whereas the number of its items reached 120 farmers, divided into three holding categories, the first category represents small farms with an area of less than a feddan and the number of its individuals reached 53 farmers, while the second category farms with an average of an area ranging between a feddan and less than three feddans and the number of individuals reached 47 farmers,While the third represents the large farms with an area greater than three feddans, and the number of its items reached 20 farmers, and a random sample of merchants was selected from the Nozha market for wholesale trade of vegetables and fruits with 25 wholesale stores for trade and marketing of fruit crops and 25 retailers who deal with wholesalers in the market.

The research had come to some important results and conclusions can be summarized a; (1) The average total production costs per feddan for guava crop for small farms in the research sample was about 38.8 thousand pounds, which is higher than that for medium and large farms by about 446.0 and 847.5 pounds, respectively.

(2) The average fedden yield of guava crop for the three groups in the research sample was about 20.7, 25,4 and 27,2 tons/feddan, respectively, with an average fixed farm price about 2500 pounds per ton and the average total revenue per feddan was about 51.8, 63.5 and 68.0 thousand pounds for the three categories, respectively.

(3) The average net return per feddan of guava for large farms was about 30.1 thousand pounds, which is more than its counterparts for medium and small farms by about 5, 17 thousand pounds, respectively.

(4) The average rate of return on the invested pound per feddan of guava crop in large farms was about 0.79 pounds, which is more than its counterparts for medium and small farms by about 0.14, 0.45 pounds, and this reflects the savings of capacity.

(5) The economic efficiency for the Guava crop production resources for the first category (less than feddan) which the parameters were proven significant are: the number of human labor, the amount of municipal fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the amount of potassium fertilizer at about -3.25, 9.12, 21.24 and 11.94 arrangement, which indicates that guava crop farmers can increase profits from production by increasing the user from the municipal fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer resources and decreasing the number of human labor.

(6) The economic efficiency for the Guava crop production resources for the second category (feddan- less than 3 feddan) which the parameters were proven significant are: the number of human labor, the amount of phosphate fertilizer, the amount of potassium fertilizer, the amount of other fertilizer and the amount of pesticides at about -11.63, -46.89, 19.52, 23.49 and 5.39 arrangement, which indicates that guava crop farmers can increase profits from production by increasing the user from the potassium fertilizer, the other fertilizer and the amount of pesticides and decreasing the number of human labor and the amount of phosphate fertilizer .

(7) The economic efficiency for the Guava crop production resources for the third category (more than 3 feddan) which the parameters were proven significant are: the number of human labor, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of potassium fertilizer and the amount of other fertilizer at about -5.04, -12.22, 32.91 and -7.73 arrangement, which indicates that guava crop farmers can increase profits from production by increasing the user from the potassium fertilizer and decreasing the user from the human labor, the nitrogen fertilizer and the other fertilizer.

(8) The average absolute marketing margin between the wholesale price and the farm price was about L.E.

2640 for ton for guava crop, as the retail price and the wholesale reached about L.E.

3485 for ton, while this between the retail price and the farm price was about L.E.

6125 for ton, as it turned out that the average farmer, s share from the consumer pound reached about 29%, while the wholesaler share reached about 30.6%, while the retailer share reached about 40.4% and from this it becomes clear that the middlemen share represents about 71%.

(9) The average marketing efficiency factor of the guava crop reached about 20.4%, which means that its marketing efficiency is low, due to the lower price the farmers gets on from the price paid by the consumer.

(10) The number of production problems facing guava farmers in the research sample according to their views reached four problems, top of one is the problem of poor drainage and the consequent rise in the level of ground water and the spread of fungal and insect infections, and the number of marketing problems they face is three, and on top of it comes the problem of the high percentage of waste during harvest and packing, the inadequate means of packaging and the high prices of it.

Lastly, in light of the results the research can create many recommendations such as; (1) Optimal use of agricultural resources in a way that maximizes production, as a result of the excessive use of some of these resources, (2) Paying attention to contract farming to ensure a suitable price for farmers and to achieve a rewarding economic return for them, and to protect them from the greed of merchants and intermediaries, (3) Reducing the prices of production inputs in order to reduce the total production costs, which leads to an increase in the return of guava crop, (4) Work to raise the marketing efficiency by reducing the marketing costs and profits of intermediaries to encourage farmers to increase product of guava crop, (5) Activate the role of agricultural extension, agricultural recommendations and development programs for specialized research centers, with a focus on small categories farms, (6) Attention to farmers' opinions about the production and marketing problems of guava and attention to their suggestions about the possibility of overcoming these problems.