أثر السياسات السعرية على محصول البطاطس في مصر

الملخص EN

The potato crop is an important food crop, as it is an important source of agricultural income and its exports contribute to the acquisition of foreign exchange, so the problem of research is limited to the impact of direct or indirect government intervention in agricultural policies pricing and productivity of potatoes, and What are the price distortions to which both potato producers and consumers in Egypt are exposed.

The research has reached some results, the most important of which are the following: (1) The productivity indicators of both cultivated area and individual productivity, total production and consumption of the potato crop during the period (2001-2018) have taken an increasing general trend and are statistically stabilized.

The economic indicators of agricultural price, revenue, costs and net yield of the potato crop have also taken an increasing general trend, the export value of the potato crop has been shown to increase by about 18%, and the export price is also increasing by about 13% and the model is statistically stabilized.

(2) The study of the price policy analysis of the potato crop using the partial balance model during the average period (2001-2018) showed that the state imposes taxes on the product estimated at 32%, this led to the price of the border higher than the price of the product, and also shows the imposition of taxes on the consumer, so the policy.

(3) The study indicates that there is a gain for potato crop producers during the average period of the study, which is due to the state's protectionist policy to support the product, which has led to increased domestic production and thus rationalized the use of productive resources and thus increased efficiency in the use of these resources.

While it turned out that there is a net economic loss of the consumer of the potato crop, which reflects the irrational use of the commodity during the average period was about 955 million pounds, this is due to the policy adopted by the state to impose taxes on the consumer, which led to a state of poor distribution of consumer spending, and Retail prices are higher than border prices.

(4) The maximum total net loss for the potato crop in 2017 was about 2948 million pounds, while in the case of producers receiving support for the potato crop reached a maximum of about (975) million pounds in 2008.

The results also indicate that the economic well-being of the potato crop has been achieved for producers as a result of the surplus of the product in 2001 and 2003, which amounted to 80 million pounds and 50 million pounds, respectively, and may be due to the superiority of the agricultural price over the border Price in those years, while the producers achieved a loss in 2002 2006 amounted to about (25) million pounds, while the highest burden borne by the product in 2017 was about (21605) million pounds.

(5) The average loss in consumer surplus from the potato crop during the average study period amounted to about (3526) million pounds, and based on it was the lowest burden borne by the consumer amounted to about (685) million pounds in 2002, while the highest burden borne by the consumer amounted to about (10410) million pounds in 2013, while the economic welfare of consumers about 934 in 2008 and this is due to the lower retail price than the border Price during these years mentioned.

(6) The increase in the state's gains in government revenues on exports of the potato crop was also shown during the average study period.

It also shows an increase in foreign exchange earnings as a result of the export of the potato crop abroad by an average of about 1708 million pounds, but the study showed that the state achieved a loss in foreign exchange earnings for the potato crop during the study period represented in some years, namely 2009 and 2017, which amounted to (1128) million pounds and (11171) million pounds respectively.

(7) The results of the study on the impact on exports of the potato crop showed an economic loss during the average period of the study amounted to about (793) million pounds.

While a net gain for potato crop exports was found in some years during the study period, the maximum gain was around EGP 975 million in 2008, while the lowest gain was around EGP 67 million in 2005.

In light of the findings, the research recommends: (1) The need to study and modify policies on consumer support, which have led to irrational use of the potato crop and to a situation of poor distribution of consumer spending.

(2) continue to review and amend the economic reform programme, especially with regard to addressing the negative effects of the programme, namely, the reduction of taxes on agricultural producers, the increase of which leads to an increase in the net economic loss in potato crop production.