أثر الإصلاحات على نظام ملكية الأراضي في العصر الإيلخاني في العراق (656-716هـ 1258-1316م)‎

الملخص EN

The economic life was completely paralyzed, at the beginning of the Ilkhanate state as the fall of Baghdad under the rule of the Mongols had dire consequences, because the establishment of the Ilkhanid rule that meant a complete change in the governmental system, as the new rulers were real nomads who were alien to life of stability, eager to exploit the peasants and city dwellers to the maximum.

For nearly half a century the ruling class kept its national identity, language, document, and exotic dress, and it is not necessary to say that the Mongolian army not only used to plunder villages and market livestock, but the new rulers also confiscated fields of grain and used them as pastures.