تلازم الفلسفة والتاريخ: نماذج مختارة

الملخص EN

The term philosophy of history appeared in 1756 in the publication of a research paper in that year written by the French philosopher Marie-Arroy de Voltaire (b.1694 - d.1778).

Voltaire meant by his coined term to advocate teaching history on critical and analytic bases whereby the historian would commit himself/herself to a kind of historical thinking that would enable them differentiating between what is true or reasonable of the historical accounts from what is not thereof.

In his introduction, Ibn Khaldun had criticized his- torians and set standards for writing a true history free from lies, errors and exaggerations.

We have selected examples from the history movement in its various eras and its close association with philosophy.

We have divided the research into four sections: The first is concerned with writing history; the second is about historical schools; the third tackles the interpretation of history; and the last deals with the philosophy of history, conclusions, and finally a list references