الطريقة التجانية بين الإبداع و الإتباع : قراءة في الأصول و المبنى

الملخص EN

The Tijani order is considered one of the models of cultural interaction between the countries Maghreb and the other Arab countries of the east (the Mashreq).

Indeed, its very birth was the result of this interaction.

The founding sheikh, Ahmed Tijani, traveled all over the countries of the Maghreb and the Mashreq, starting from Ain Madi, south of the city of Laghouat, in present-day Algeria.

There he met with scholars and Sufis, and acquired great knowledge in both Sharia and Sufi truth which fact would later make him a leader Sheikh.

Once he achieved what the Tijani Sufis call the spiritual breakthrough (al Fath al Kabir) he announced the birth of a new Sufi order that he called Muhammadia Order.

Consequently he broke free from authority of other Sheikhs on him, stating that he now derived assistance and support for his own Order directly from the Messenger of God (Peace be upon him).

Thus, he asked people to cancel allegiance to all other orders, and give up venerating saints, be they alive or dead.

He also called for the study of religious sciences in depth and stressed in this respect the application of Sharia, while at the same time giving a great importance to “Dhikr” within his Order, which fact made the Tijania a foundational Sufi Order.

However, when one examines carefully the biography of Sheikh Ahmed Tijani and his Order, one realizes that he did not sever his ties with the Sufi ancestral lineage (the Salaf) at all.

Besides, the Sufi Adhkar, including Al- Fatih prayer, which he taught to his followers was also adopted from Sufi ancestors, especially those in the Khalwati Order.

The latter order tried, like the Tijani order, to be foundational, and thus focused, according to discretionary power, on reconciling Sharia with the Sufi truth.

Indeed Sheikh Abu Abdellah Muhammad Salim al-Hefnawi al-Masri, Supreme Sheikh of the Moroccan Khalwati sheikhs, was one of the al-Azhar Mosque scholars and became later one of its deans as was the case with many Khalwati Sheikhs.

Perhaps that was also what prompted Sheikh Tijani to move to Fez and make it the seat of his Order, the Muhammadia Order, so that with the support of the Qarawiyyin Mosque scholars and the Sultan of Morocco, Moulay Slimane, known as the learned Sultan, he could officialize his own Order.

Cultural interaction between the countries Maghreb and (the Mashreq) - Sheikh Ahmed Tijani- The spiritual breakthrough (al Fath al Kabir)- The Tijani order -New Sufi order - Muhammadia Order -Respect the application of Sharia -Cancel allegiance to all other orders -Give upvenerating saints -Take a great importance to “Dhikr” - Al-Fatih prayer - great influence of Khalwati Order - Refuge in Fez