أثر التغيرات الهيدرولوجية لحوض نهر دجلة في العراق على البيئة

الملخص EN

Many natural and humanitarian efforts have collaborated in the hydrological change of the Tigris river basin in Iraq.

This have obviously affected the environment that the capacity of storing water in the Marshes, which was 20 billion cubic meter, was affected in the past years due to drawing huge amount of water from it because of the dryness that happened in Iraq, which may result in the decline of Marshes coverage if there was no supply of water that can cover the lack of water the marshes need in order to restore this unique eco system.

This phenomenon has great negative effect on population and livestock in general.

The dryness did not only reach the south and the middle of Iraq, but climbed to some parts of the north.

The government of the Kurdistan region declared a state of dehydration and compensated the farmers for their losses due to a decrease in the rain levels.

The declining annual aquatic income of the Tigris in addition to other natural and human factors led to the aggravation of pollution problems due to the lack of proper river drainage which made the river unable to purify its waters due to the pollution caused by making the river a waste drainage whether agricultural or industrial.

That also led to the deterioration of palm orchards and farm lands in Basra Province, as the total number of palm trees was 8.5 million in 1958, and is now less than 1.6 million in 2014, 80% of which is affected by the low aquatic income and the higher salt levels.