جدلية الوطن و المنفى في رواية "سقف الكفاية" لمحمد حسن علوان

الملخص EN

The purpose of this research is to focus on the structure as it includes significance by considering the literary text as a manifestation of the language and to study it by mechanisms and used structures in a renewed linguistic format.

The application was not applied to the literary text meaning, but on its structure in order to create the meaning and to produce it to be open to the modern methods of criticism, and also through the use of the text components which consist of (the characters the spatial framework - the temporal framework the narrator the events), and how to employ them in speech.

There is also an interest in building the speech production system which is called the rhetorical power and language poetics The research also deals with the analysis of the internal elements that control the formation of significance.

The meaning should be tackled as a result of relationships network which link between the elements through the image of both the homeland and the exile.

This is done through the structural model, where meaning proves its existence from difference and within difference.

Henceforth, understanding the meaning of speeches and actions supposes the existence of a system and a relation pattern.

This, in turn, leads us to recognize that the text elements are meaningful only through a network of relationships between them.

Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention only to the elements that were included in the text structure at both evaluation and creation levels, through the reproduction of a distinct poetic language in an intellectual literary context which keeps up developments in modern Arab criticism The research on the "dialectics of the homeland and exile" allows us to reveal the characteristics of the relationship between the Arab writer and his homeland in its history: its trajectories, its transformations, and its revealed options that form the homeland bets of history on the one hand and the writer's bets on life on the other hand, in addition to the The homeland loss of its bets on history often leads to the self loss of its bets on life.

So that, exile is an alternative to the homeland, after the latter turns into an exile which is harsher than exile abroad by relying on the principle of the bipolarity (home and exile) or the opposite dualities of (homeland and an alternative homeland , exile and homeland exile), from which the framework that generates meaning and restricts in it the cultural, the social and the intellectual political context is built