الدلالة النحوية و اللغوية للجملة و النص في اللغة العربية بين القدماء و المحدثين : دراسة موازنة

الملخص EN

The philologic text represents -in the form of writing or speaking- a ground for interaction, and the texts used differ in their length, whether they were short or long, mono-sentenced or multi-sentenced, that’s why texts are considered a horizontally organized sequence of philologic signals that are taken as directions from an identified sender.

Of the most obvious signs, is the coupling between eloquent and colloquial language producing a (hybrid) language.

That what happens in any other language spares the Arabic language that has been linked to the holy Quran, that’s why for the old grammarians; the grammar study had been linked to the holiness of the Arabic language, and those who are interested in other languages avoid comparing studies of the Arabic with its Semitic fellows on one side, and with its local accents on the other.

From all that came to us, the grammarians approximate the Arabic language to other languages, and in all human languages the sentence is the root that the text is depending on, and it is the basic constituent.

As for the textology and the grammar they depend in the science they state on the semantic and grammarian relationship, as they anchor on the formation that constitutes the text depending on the sentence.

And regarding the structural connections they don't give clear meanings or significances to the text, so they lack the accuracy of the text and its objectivity, and the research had made its way to study the semantics between the sentence and the text in the eyes of old grammarians on top of which is Sibawayh, Ibn Jinni, Aljahidh, Aljurjani, and Alsakaki, as well as the new ones: of the Arabs Ahmed Almutawak'kil, Abdul Qadir Alfasi Alfihri, Muhammed Ahmed Abu Mosa, Fadhil Alsamarra'ee, and Tamam Hassan, and of the foreigners of which the most famous ones were Dick, Julia Kristeva, Spillner, Klaus Brinker, Haldi, Brigitte Parch, Harris, J.

Firbas, F.

Danes, Hymes, Austin, Searle, Grace, Goffman, Mathésius, and Dance, and from the new ones: Phet, Hatfield, Chomsky, de Saussure, J.

Greimas, P.

Hartmann, and Deborah Cameron.

The research included an introduction, four studies, and a conclusion.

In the first study came the modern recruitment of grammar, while the second study was about the sentence between the past and the present, the third study dealt with Arabic sentence from the modern perspective of grammar, and in the fourth one I studied the Arabic sentence relationship with science of text language.