التوجهات الاقتصادية و السياسية لروسيا الاتحادية تجاه الشرق الأوسط : سوريا نموذجا

الملخص EN

During the Arab revolutions, the interest in the Middle East increased significantly, which led to a significant change in Russia's foreign policy through the implementation of new policies aimed at maximizing its active position in the region as a result of the events in Libya and Syria, in which many regional and international parties intervened.

Including the Russian Federation.

Besides Russia, the other actors involved in Syria include Turkey, Iran, Hezbollah, Israel, Sunni jihadist groups, Syrian Kurdish forces, the United States, and the Assad regime itself.

Putin’s main foreign policy approach has been neither to seek the victory of one side over another nor to resolve conflict between contending actors, but to reach some sort of accommodation with all the different contending actors (except the jihadists) and thereby give them an incentive to court Moscow even as their conflicts with other actors continue.

This gives Moscow numerous opportunities to enhance its own influence through balancing between contending actors.

And to the extent Russia succeeds in motivating various contending parties in Syria to cooperate with Moscow, America’s effort to counter Russian influence in the Middle East is made more difficult by the fact that America’s allies are all cooperating with Russia to some extent.

Moscow has also established a fragile degree of cooperation with Turkey in northern Syria where Ankara is supporting Assad regime opponents (including jihadists) and Turkey itself has conflicted with Syrian Kurds whom Moscow hopes it can persuade to join forces with the Assad regime.

Which achieves its influence and strategic interests in the Middle East On the other hand, Russia worked in parallel to support the Bashar al-Assad regime economically and militarily, in addition to its political and security support, and exploited its permanent Membership in the Security Council to achieve its goals there.