الفتاوى الشرعية المحرمة لإيذاء أهل الذمة القاطنين بطور سيناء : دراسة فقهية في ضوء وثائق دير سانت كاترين

الملخص EN

The library of Saint Catherine's Monastery holds an important collection of studies in different languages, including a collection of one thousand seventy- two Arabic documents divided into sixteen themes.

These documents include a collection of Fiqhi documents, comprising the fatwa of some Islamic scholars when they replied to the inquiries of the monks of the monastery regarding several incidents of injustice and persecution from some members of their religion or Muslims.

The present study aims to highlight the fatwas reported in these documents by Islamic scholars prohibiting causing harm to the monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery and Dhimmis residing in Mount Sinai and show the agreement of these fatwas to the texts of revelation (Qur’an and Sunnah) and the consensus of Muslim scholars in the past and present.

The results show that: The religious or fatwa documents in the Monastery’s library are highly significant, showing Islam’s justice, mercy, and acceptance of others.

They act as covenants that the monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery were keen to stress every now and then.

The fatwas reported in the documents kept at the library of Saint Catherine's Monastery are the best example of applying the legal texts and Fiqhi (jurisprudence) provisions in Fiqh books to reality.

Based on these fatwas, it could be concluded that the concepts of citizenship, freedom, accepting the other, and peaceful coexistence among citizens- among others- were familiar to and well applied by our faqihs (jurists) a long time ago within Allah’s Sharia