الأزهار في مصر خلال العصرين البطلمي و الروماني

الملخص EN

Since the ancient dynasties, Egyptians knew various types of flowers and used them in several purposes, this condition continued during the Ptolemaic and Roman eras, although there were some changes that occurred in Egypt during that period that affected in one way or the other flowers, their uses and the most widespread types.

This paper discusses the flowers in Egypt during the Ptolemaic and Roman eras through literary sources and archaeological evidence but concentrating on papyri.

The study begins with the ancient Egyptians' knowledge of roses and their first origin, and then it discusses the seasons of their cultivation, the appropriate climatic conditions for them, their relationship to other orchards, and social groups that were concerned with their cultivation, then their types.

It is also studying the different uses of the flowers in prescriptions, perfume preparation, dyeing colors, wreaths making, and public and private celebrations.

The paper concludes by talking about the flower trade and the taxes imposed on them.