مشاهدات يومية للرحالة الإنكليزي جمس بنكغهام في مدينة بغداد عام 1816

الملخص EN

Baghdad has received a lot of attention from foreign travelers due to the importance of this historical city in various aspects, whether political, economic, social, or cultural.

Among those travelers who visited Baghdad was the English traveler James Buckingham who visited the city in 1816.

We will shed light on the city of Baghdad, the center of Baghdad Eyalet, by presenting the historical information mentioned by James Buckingham with criticism and analysis.

The paths in which the research was conducted can be determined according to the issues of choosing a topic, such as: Was Baghdad a city of peaceful coexistence? Did the city of Baghdad contain cultural and intellectual councils? Did the economic and political factors play a role in social relations between the people? Did religious and ethnic diversity have an impact on the cultural aspect of the city of Baghdad? And the extent of the influence of religious and cultural councils on the peaceful coexistence of the city of Baghdad.

By following the observations of the English traveler, James Buckingham, it became clear to us that the Baghdadi community is a mixture of several religions, sects and ethnic races, Muslim majority, Jews, Christ, Ar, Kurds, Persians, Mamluks and others.

In light of that diversity, society lived without any conflicts, whether religious, intellectual, or political.

Rather, everyone practiced their religious and social rites completely freely without any inconveniences, to the extent that no other Ottoman city enjoyed such religious freedom as Baghdad did, which helped increase the number of Jews and their emigration from other cities to Baghdad, as is the case with other religions.