الجدل الفكري في الأندلس (القرن 4-6 ه 10-12م)‎ : بين مرحلية التوسع و مجال التنوع

الملخص EN

During the (4-6 AH/10-20 AD), Andalusia has known the phenomenon of intellectual controversy with its three types, jurisprudential, doctrinal (verbal) and philosophical.

In the second half of the fourth and fifth centuries AH / tenth and eleventh century AD, this debate went through three circles and stages, from the circle of the controversy of jurisprudence branches debate, with its simple issues and methods to a circle of fundamentalist debate with its renewed issues and means.

The fundamentalist controversy touched the sources of Islamic legislation, such as analogy, authenticity of the work of the people of Medina, the interests sent, and other sources that have remained, until recently, taboo, which are not to be approached, let alone be argued.

Hence, they became a field for dissection and defamation among religious doctrines specifically between the Maliki and the Andalusian Dhahiri schools.

In fact, this type of controversy has reached its peak during the 5th century HA/11th AD, thanks to the inclusion of theology and logic, in addition to the tolerance of the political authority during the era of Taifa's Kings.

This expansion of the circle of jurisprudential debate from being branchial to fundamental reflected positively on the phenomenon of controversy, leading its circle to expand to a doctrinal (verbal) debate among the different verbal currents that trickled down to Andalusia.

The debate, therefore became broader and more complex in terms of its issues and methods, whereby, this controversy tackled even the high power, attributes, names, along with issues of judgment and destiny, intensifying this debate between Sunnis and the community and those other opponents from other religious sects.

This type of controversy was at its peak in Andalusia throughout the fifth century AH / eleventh century AD, as it reflected positively on the controversial debate that expanded its circle into a philosophical one, which was not as well-known and appreciated during the sixth century AH / twelfth century AD.

It touched both the essence and origin of Islamic faith, and so, this controversial debate intensified concerning the relationship between Sharia and wisdom (philosophy), bringing together the philosophers of the Maghreb and the East.