أنباء من ولد في مكة من الهجرة حتى عام الفتح (1-8)‎هـ و دورهم في العصرين الراشدي و الأموي : دراسة تاريخية كمية

الملخص EN

The motivation behind writing this research entitled: "The News about the Persons Who Were Born in Mecca from the Year of Conquest (1-8) A.H.

and Their Role in The Rashidi and Umayyad eras (1-8 A.H.

– 622-629 A.D.)", was to determine the number of the persons who were born in Mecca in the pre-Islamic era under the polytheism and paganism and far away from monotheism that Islam claims and therefore, most of the persons born were of polytheist fathers and the sons of the Muslims of the conquest era, the new generation, which witnessed a transitional stage from polytheism to monotheism and so became the second generation of the young prophet's companions and senior followers of the companions.

Some of them met the prophet (peace be upon him) as expressed by Hadiths conveyed by the prophet's companions and the followers who came after them and there are persons who were born in the prophet's era but they didn't memorized his Hadiths nor saw him but they had the honor to be born in his era.

Also, some of them obtained the honor of being born at the era of prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) as they were blissed with a prayer of the prophet when they were born by being touched by him and got the permanent blessing.

Although the period between conquering Mecca until the death of the prophet was only three years, the rest of the persons who were born in Mecca migrated with their Muslim fathers who became Muslims before the conquest and whom were taken care of by the prophet (peace be upon him) and became amongst the migrants and supporters fathers whom the prophet paid a great attention to.

In addition to that, care to these persons extended through the era of Rashidi caliphs and those who were all born in Mecca were treated equally as those who were born in Medina particularly and they became the core and the basis of the senior prophet's companions and the early migrants and supporters and they reached the top of the power pyramid, represented by the position of the caliph and also they occupied administrative positions in the provinces and cities, in addition to occupying high military position, scholars of Fiqh and Hadith.

The issue was not confined only to this, but they were within the parties of the conflict at the end of the Rashidi era after the murder of caliph Othman (may Allah be pleased with him) and the conflict between the caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and Mu'awiya Ibn Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) and thus their role extended in the era of caliphate of Abdulmalik Ibn Marwan and Abdullah Ibn AlZubair conflict in addition to the other events in which some of them were killed and some lived until the beginning of the second sentury after Hijra.

With the death of the last one of them, the era of the prophet's companions generation came to an end represented by those who were born in Mecca throughout the era of Islam message (1-8 A.H.

– 622-629 A.D.) which is the essence of this research.