المدارس التاريخية الكبرى : الملامح و التطور

الملخص EN

The conviction in the importance of the scientific method in historical writing increased in a rapidly changing world, and the historian became equipped with a sophisticated scientific material, the methodology that makes him able to explain and interpret historical events according to scientific evidences, and the science of history becomes at the forefront of sciences that are based on the original scientific methods.

The paper explains the concept of history and how critical it is as an introduction to the importance of historical writing.

It shows the features of historical schools from ancient times until the modern eras, attempting to highlight the theories and methods of major historical schools in the interpretation of historical events.

There were different backgrounds for historical interpretation.

Either it was philosophical, progressive or Islamic, we could conclude that the integrated and comprehensive approach to historical writing is the necessity of accompanying all social, economic and political aspects in seeing historical events and facts without focusing on one factor over another until we reach a sound scientific methodology for writing history.

The paper also showed the trends of Sudanese historians in historical writing and the extent of their impact on the European scientific methodology and it indicated examples of these writers and the historical schools that they were affected by.

The study aims to show the importance of historical schools and their philosophical theories in analyzing and interpreting historical events.

the need to reach sound starting points in the interpretation of historical facts and the search for an integrative role for historical schools in the interpretation of history.

The study uses the method of historical research that is based on the presentation and analysis of historical events.

The study concluded that the necessity of accompanying all physical and spiritual factors in the interpretation of history.