تطوير و اختبار صدق مقياس معيقات حرية الصحافة الاستقصائية في العراق

الملخص EN

Although there is a constitutional coverage for the freedom of investigativejournalism in Iraq according to the Amendment (38), the second item of the Iraqiconstitution (2005) which give the freedom of the journalism, printing, advertisement, media, and publishing, however, the journalistic work still constrained after its releaseout of the constrains of the pre-political change government at 2003.

But the journalisticwork quickly faced hinderances which did not give it the practice of the constitutionalright under the umbrella of the a multiple, democratic, political regimen which madeit unable to perform its professional duty appropriately.

As such, the journalistic workbe away from objectivity as a fundamental value in such a work in which the journalistseeks to achieve it and presents the required information to the audience.

Suchinformation needs to be searched for in its actual form; without being biased.

The research problem lays in finding a tool that measures the freedom ofjournalistic work after the change of the political regimen in Iraq at 2003.

This descriptivemethodological study aims to develop and test a scale that measures the freedom ofthe journalistic work in Iraq.

This study included a convenience sample of 100 journalistsacross Iraq.

An online survey was used that includes the socio demographic sheet, theprofessional information, and the freedom of journalistic work scale in Iraq.

Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)for windows, version 26, Chicago, IL.

The factorial analysis (principal componentanalysis) was used.

The study results displayed the emergence of seven factors as barriers to thefreedom of the journalistic work in Iraq which include the religious figures, politicalfigures, militias, armored, and out-of-law groups, security and intelligence systems, threatening and law pledge, the regional authority, and the professional syndicatesand media unions.

All of these factors exhibited a great degree of validity and reliability