البرهان بين المناطقة و المتكلمين : دراسة عقدية

الملخص EN

The limits of research in the proof according to the logicians and the philosophical scholars, because the scholars of theology before these had different ramifications, and the well-known theological schools of thought settled on this concept of proof, and its alternatives in the Islamic approach.

Al-Burhan Ibn Sina (died: 428 AH) defined it as : “An analogy composed of certainties to produce a certainty.” It was followed by the Ash’arite philosophical who mixed logic and philosophy with the science of theology, and they are Al-Ghazali and those who follow him It is a proof that only benefits universals, and does not indicate a specific thing about it, but rather indicates a universal matter.

As for the premises of analogy according to the logicians and those who follow them, they are the reasons for certainty.

Some of them count them as five, and some of them are six, and some of them are seven, but the certainty of them are only axioms.

As for the proof in the Islamic approach, it is : “The statement, the argument, and the evidence.” Its sources are many and its methods are many, and this is from the broadness, comprehensiveness and ease of Islam.

It deals with universals, aids, the witness and the absent.

It is more general and comprehensive.

It is the news of revelation, which is one of the greatest sources of knowledge.

The adoption of these methods is more complete than the followers of those philosophies that restricted the paths of knowledge to one path, and the logicians and those who followed them closed themselves the paths of knowledge and the diversity of knowledge.