صلابة الشخصية وعلاقتها بالتفاؤل المأساوي لدى طلبة الجامعة

الملخص EN

The current research aims to identify personal hardness and tragic optimism of university students, to know the differences in relationship depending on the gender variable.

the current research sample included 200 students of both sexes of languages and humanities at Kermienne university.

a measure of personal rigidity with Sequomatic characteristics has been built and the tragic optimism measure of Naji, 2021, has been adopted when analyzing the data statistically, it was found that the research sample had personal rigidity and there were no differences depending on the sex change.