دور عوامل البيئة الداخلية و الخارجية في التأثير على نشاط شركات السياحة و السفر : (شركة توماس كوك نموذجا)‎

الملخص EN

This study seeks to uncover the role of internal and external environmental factors in influencing the activity of tourism and travel companies focusing on the case of Thomas Cook, a British tourism company that declared bankruptcy and cessation of activity in 2019, The study found that Thomas Cook bankruptcy and cessation of its activity was the result of significant challenges posed by internal and external environmental factors to the company: online competition, Brexit issue, debt accumulation, political unrest in key markets in The Middle East and North Africa, The exorbitant costs of Thomas Cook Airlines, with the failing of its management to find solutions and overcome these challenges, The study also came out with a set of lessons learned for the benefit of tourism and travel companies.