التفكير الاستدلالي لدى الطلبة المتميزين : دارسة تطورية

الملخص EN

The current research aims to identify: .1 The Reasoning Thinking among distinguished students in the intermediate stage for ages (13-15) years.2- The evolutionary path of The Reasoning thinking among distinguished students in the intermediate stage for ages (13-15) years.3-The significance of the differences and the evolutionary path of The Reasoning thinking among distinguished students in the middle stage for ages (13-15) years, according to the gender variable.

: A- The significance of the differences and the evolutionary path of the male sample.

B- The significance of the differences and the evolutionary path of the female sample.4-The significance of differences over time in the degrees of The Reasoning thinking among distinguished students in the intermediate stage for ages (13-15) years.

In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher selected a random, stratified proportional sample of distinguished students in the middle stage for ages (13-15) years in Baghdad for the academic year 2020-2021 (first semester), then prepared and applied an The Reasoning thinking test appropriate to the research samples And that after verifying the most prominent logical and psychometric properties.

The research yielded a set of results, including: 1- She indicated that the age of (15) years is certain The Reasoning thinking, according to the developmental criterion adopted by the researcher, and that distinguished students become better in using The Reasoning thinking with age.2-The evolutionary path of The Reasoning thinking among distinguished students of ages (13, 14, 15) is consistent with gradual increases according to theoretical assumptions.3-Although the evolutionary path of The Reasoning thinking of the research sample took a form or an ascending path, the real crystallization of The Reasoning thinking was at the age of (15) years and over.4-Equality of males and females in degrees of The Reasoning thinking is consistent with the moderate distribution of cognitive abilities in general, especially thinking.