أحوال الفلاحين من عهد محمد على حتى عام 1882م

الملخص EN

The study aims at developing a specific definition of the Egyptian farmers and dividing them in terms of ownership and production relations.

It also highlights the tenure system in Egypt before the era of Muhammad Ali, and then the changes he made when he took charge of what was known as the coup in the tenure system, and the impact of those reforms on the farmers.

In addition, it shows the changes introduced by Muhammad Ali and his successors to the irrigation system, the administrative system in the Egyptian countryside, and the administrative jobs and tasks entrusted to their owners.

It then discusses the manifestations of the farmers' suffering which included monopoly, taxes, forced labour, conscription, withdrawals, and debts, and the consequent farmers' many uprisings.

Despite the suffering of the farmers, their conditions were better than those during the era of the Mamluks, where chaos reigned in the country and there were a lot of looting and pillaging of the Arab tribes and others.

Muhammad Ali was able to subjugate them to his authority either by giving them lands or otherwise.

Furthermore, he and his successors tried to develop solutions to the problems of the framers through the Farmer's Regulation that tried to organize the administration in the countryside
Key words
- Farmers
- Possession
- Lands
- Regulation