"مدرسة الحوليات" و التاريخ الجديد

الملخص EN

The historical context of historical writing in the 19th century shows that it depended on the foundations of the "positivist school" based on a basic idea that "No History Without Document", This narrow view confined historical work to the fields of political, diplomatic and military history, and locked it in molds of technical methods of collecting documents.

Because of the failure of this school and the emergence of the 20th century with all its various events and developments, thinkers, philosophers and historians have appeared, trying in all ways and methods to get rid of the limitation of history in "the individual" and "politics" and to sanctify the written document, Lucian Febvre (1878-1956) tried, after establishing the Annals of Economic and Social History at the beginning of the year 1929, to break the narrow specialization, and helped him in his mission, Mark Bloch (1886-1944), and Fernand Braudel (1902-1985).