تطور النموذج العلمي اللساني : قراءة في الاتجاه البنيوي و التوليدي و الوظيفي

الملخص EN

the present research is aims to sort out the epistemological changes in the field of linguistics in the domain of the relationship between the phenomenon and the scientific theory that explains it.

In order to achieve this goal, we looked at the developments concurred by the scientific and linguistic paradigm in the structuralist, generativist, and functionalist directions.

The research has shown that the changes in the linguistic course in each perspective and has determined the departures of each perspective form a point of view of it’s the nature of the object of study and the hypotheses set forward in order to treat the data therein.

The research has shown that structuralist linguistics has different characteristics when seen from the European structuralist school and the American structuralist one to the extent that one might think structuralism has different scientific paradigms.

However, we found that the difference in paradigm is the angle from which we see language.

Do we see language as a natural phenomenon or social phenomenon different from any biological phenomena? Generative linguistics, on the other hand, is a scientific revolution against the vision of science as the mere collection of data and its organization and linking of its laws to experience and practice.

This paradigm puts data on secondary level of importance in science.

Thus, generative linguistics gave away any link to language use and attributed facts to an ideal speaker, all in accordance with its theoretical background.

The scientific functionalist paradigm is built upon the principle that structure belongs to function.

Thus, the object of study in linguistics in the functionalist paradigm is the communicative competence, which is opposed to linguistic competence in generative grammar.

Consequently, the functionalist paradigm has introduced pragmatic explanation into linguistics in order to study the structure of language.