تأثير أمواج التسونامي و التذبذبات المناخية على التضاريس الساحلية لسواحل المملكة العربية السعودية على الخليج العربي

الملخص EN

The Arab Gulf region is one of most vulnerable regions to the negative impacts of climatic fluctuations and tsunamis in the urban, environmental, and economic fields.

the effect of the beachy terrain on the waves varies according to their different shapes.

this research aims to identify the areas which are affected by the tsunamis and climatic fluctuations in case they occur along the kingdom's coasts on the Arabian gulf in accordance with several scenarios, in addition to the classification of the coastal response to those effects.

the ramasamy et al (2008) classification has been used to study the response of Saudi coastal geomorphological systems to the Arabian gulf as well as the identification of water inundation areas based on gebco’s gridded bathymetric data to know the depths of seas and oceans, satellite images, topographic maps and historical earthquake data.

the results of the study revealed panicles, bays, meanders along the coasts and saline marshes which are considered helping factors for tidal waves and tsunamis to flow.

while the mangroves and the sandy beach hills which are spread on a small scale reduce the flow of tidal waves and tsunamis along the coast of ras abu kmis, the coasts extending between salwa and aqeer and the coasts which lie to the north of the city of Jubail from Ras al-Zour to north Khafji at the Kuwaiti border.

as for the residential, industrial and petroleum areas as well as the water desalination plants and infrastructure are characterized by weak plain coasts that lack natural features, resisting the flow of tidal waves and tsunamis, such as Dammam, Jubail, al-Khobar, tarut and half moon bays.

the research also shows that there is a possibility of submerging approximately 4% of the coastal area as the result of flowing tsunamis with 2 meters high, and about 11% of the coastal area in case 5-metre high waves flow which can penetrate up to 15 km within flat coastal land in some coastal areas like Jubail and Dammam.

this could lead to catastrophic accidents on the infrastructure and residential areas in the event of high tidal waves or medium-height tsunamis flow which can lead to widespread instability in the region.