روبرتو اسبوزيتو : المجتمع و المناعة و العودة إلى المشاعات

الملخص EN

Bio politics and philosophy (2008), the Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito has reserved a distinguished place at the epicenter of contemporary debates on bio politics and bio power, the concepts theorized in the late works of the French philosopher Michel Foucault.

Esposito rejects Giorgio Agamben's emphasis on the negativity of the phenomenon of bio politics, which he anchors to the sovereign state of exception ; in favor of a positive reading of bio politics that avoids conflation bio power with thanatopolitics, while providing the possibility of a new emancipatory political philosophy of life.

central to Esposito's thesis is the paradigm of immunization, which indicates that the subject of modernity constituted not with the formation of sovereign power, but rather from the effects of society's expropriation of individual property.

according to Esposito this attempt to immunize the individual creates a sort of auto-immune reaction whereby the subject itself become reduced to species life, thereby becoming an object of bio power.

Esposito attempts to explain how and why the logic of immunization inevitably leads to the lethal paradox in which the politics of life is accompanied by its potential negation, but also how the political situations on which the immunization model depends can be identified and dismantled.

furthermore, Esposito claims this degeneration of politics of life into politics of death is not inevitable as Agamben might claim but can be halted through an inversion of the semantics and language of the thanatopolitical logic.

in this study, i will present an analysis of Esposito's ideas with a special focus on the concept of immunity and autoimmunity and his aspirations towards affirmative bio politics that focus on commons and the philosophy of the (third person) rooted in Giles Deleuze and Averroes, within life and thought, as a way out of a position of immunity that sacrifices life in favor of preserving it.