المسار التاريخي للعلاقة بين التصوف و السياسة في إيران

الملخص EN

The connection between mysticism and politics is one of the most interesting topics to be addressed, due to the inherent nature of these two fields of study that seem to contradict each other ; because politics emphasizes the science and practice of achieving material power, while in mysticism, material power is of little value and importance.

some scholars believe that there is no connection between mysticism and politics, or if there is, it is a destructive link.

others, however, see mysticism in relation to politics as a complement to it.

however, it should be noted that mysticism has been confronted with the politics of the era in different ways in different periods, and in fact, one of the origins of mysticism is the same issue of politics.

some believe that mysticism has an apocalyptic approach and does not pay attention to worldly affairs, including politics, and that their attention to politics is low for mystics.

what is more, stepping on the path of mystical journey and the formation of mystical spirits in individuals creates a personality that is very different from ordinary politicians.

a mystic is a person who is cut off from the world and its belongings and ignores the conflicts and noise of this world.

he despises the whole material world for nothing, and in solitude, he is always engaged in the remembrance and worship of god, and from every thought or action that pollutes worldly affairs.

this is while the politician thinks only of this world and his concern is to overtake his rivals and opponents.

he has to make decisions with composure that sometimes lead to bloodshed and human sacrifice.

in this research, the historical course of the relationship between mysticism and politics has been studied and in this course of connection, 5 historical periods have been briefly examined.

the first period covers from the second to the fifth century, that is, until the formation of monasteries and sects.

the second period is from the formation of sects to the formation of Shiite-Sufi sects.

the third period continues from the emergence of the Shiite-Sufi sect until the creation of the Safavid dynasty.

the fourth period begins with the occupation of Safavid rule (tenth century) and continues until the contemporary period.

finally, the fifth period is included after the victory of the Islamic revolution.