فلسفة معايير تصميم المساجد : بالتركيز على الأعمدة، المقرنصات، الشرفات و الكرانيش

الملخص EN

Each building has a shape that expresses its function, character and various uses in addition to some items functionally, atheistically and structurally complementary.

under this context, falls the architecture of mosques manifested in the interior spaces such as the prayer hall, corridors, domes, minarets, entrances, openings, walls, arches and ceilings, besides (columns, arenas, ornaments, mougarnasat, shourofat and Karaneish, which are the subject of the study).

this paper, aims at researching in the philosophy of mosques design criteria of the Arab and Islamic style through some of their structural elements, such as columns inside and outside prayer halls, and decorative structural elements such as mougarnasat, Shourofat and Karaneish.

the methodology of this study and the tools of the research depended on a case study comparing two mosques in Khartoum, one of which meets the terms of the above architecture and the other lacks them completely.

the comparison was made between the two mosques in terms of aesthetical and decorative aspects of these complementary elements, the subject of the study, in such type of “Arab and Islamic style” mosques.

the problem of the research lies in the absence of the mosque’s additional functional and aesthetic components, unlike the mosque of the messenger of Allah peace be upon him, which was featured by simplicity in terms of materials, functionality and cost-effectiveness at that time.

palm tree trunks were used as "columns", then, they developed in the era of the wise caliphs and their followers until there took their present shape nowadays, adorned with the elements under study, other elements, and construction and services technology.

the study concluded that the modern mosques in Khartoum, which are represented in this study by the mosque of the university of Khartoum (Khartoum), which is completely devoid of columns, Mougarnasat, Shourofat and Karaneish, represents a model for mosques of another style that lacks the decorative elements of mosques of the Arab and Islamic style, unlike the other model of sheikh Arbab el-Aqaed mosque (Khartoum), which was rich of these decorative elements, "the subject of study" and other elements.

this mosque is considered as one of the rare mosques that have the advantage of this spirit in Sudan.

the study also concluded that these elements "the subject of the study" are authentic and important part in the character and formation of mosques of the Arab-Islamic style in general.