كاتدرائية القديس بطرس للحج في العالم الكاثوليكي ملتقى الفن والفنانين

الملخص EN

Studying history of the Christian-Church, we study the subject of the kingdom of God on earth, the rise of this kingdom and its expansion for the sake of the glory of God and the salvation of mankind, also examine how the history of the church has great value for every Christian as a repository for warning, encouragement, condolence and advice, and how the ancient Christian world had only one Christian-Church as Christ desired.

As a result of the division of the Roman Empire into eastern and western, eastern and western church appeared.

This division of the Church was originally due to political and religious reasons.

Pilgrimage-churches and cathedrals in the Christian-world were concentrated in three-places, namely the Holy-Land, churches and cathedrals of the pilgrimage-routes of the Cathedral-Santiago-de-Compostela, the Cathedral-of-Saint-Peter and the Apostolic-Churches in Vatican.

Research begins with an overview of Vatican, then introduces St.

Peter disciples of the Christ, alongside his preaching, miracles and letters, the imprisonment of the saint in Mamertine prison.

Followed by description of the prison and tomb on which Emperor Constantine built the first original church, researchers described the first apostolic-chairs they did an overview of the important Christian Ecumenical-Councils because of their impact on architecture and arts.

Researchers described the importance of the cathedral and the history of the original ancient architecture and arts of St.

Peter's Basilica, research described the works of the Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo and the development of architecture and art on this by the architects, artist, and cardinals, researchers compare the development of the cathedral's architecture through a study of the horizontal planes in detail, enumerates its chapels, and devoted a large area to the cathedral's dome, Due to the religious importance of the papal-chair according to Catholic belief research describes and analyzes the chair, in the east, the window known as the Holy Spirit, which is the only one and detailed explanation of the papal altar canopy.

The-paper reviews the Baptistery-Chapel, researchers selected from the cathedral sculptures and multiple mausoleums, Among Bernini's most important contributions is Saint-Peter's Square, which separates Rome from Vatican, in which the research confirms the importance of the buildings of the groups which Italy is famous with.

research explained the symbolism of the square and the obelisk in order to clarify their importance, then the doors especially the Holy Door, the discussion concludes with the rituals of the Catholic pilgrimage to St.

Peter's Basilica.