الجوانب الاقتصادية في كتب الحسبة: كتاب (معالم القربة في أحكام الحسبة)‎ لابن الإخوة القرشي أنموذجا

الملخص EN

The Hisbah is one of the most important aspects of civilization in Islamic societies in all livelihoods, and accordingly, some considered it one of the most important foundations of civilized urbanization, as it is not possible to establish a civil state without the transactions of the people of the country being conducted on the basis of justice and mutual consent between the dealers, which prevents the occurrence of problems and grudges between members of the same society, and at the same time it has special characteristics and powers.

it does not interfere with other administrative work such as governors, judges, people of the court and the like, and accordingly, the Hisbah books by Ibn al-Akhwa al-Qurashi (d.

729 AH / 1329 AD) came with a wide ground in their information regarding the economic, social, health, religious and other aspects.

the study aims to clarify the nature of the correct and legitimate financial and commercial transactions that must be applied in the Arab and Islamic markets, and to indicate the supervisory role of the accountant, who must be familiar with the legal provisions of these transactions in order to prevent fraud and deception, through the book "Maealim alQurbih Fi Talab al-Hasbah" by Ibn al-Akhwa al-Qurashi (d.

729 AH / 1329AD) as a model for the Hesbah books from the eighth century AH.

the research was divided into five sections, the first of which dealt with sales, as it included several axes.

the first dealt with: the pillars of sale, which are three: the contracting parties, the contract, and the contract form.

and we clarified the opener of al Sharae, and divided into several axes.

as for the third axis, it dealt with permissible sales.

we have explained its meaning in language and terminology and the Sharae conditions that are required in it, and the fourth axis was about the procedures of selling and its conditions, as there are general legal conditions that contractors must take into account when dealing with people, and there are procedures and conditions related to brokers, money-changers or food sellers, and the fifth axis came to talk about Pricing and monopoly because it is linked to sales and because it is also forbidden affairs.

while the second topic is devoted to leasing, which is based on three pillars: rent, benefit, and work.

the third topic talked about forbidden companies, which are three: negotiation, bodies, and faces.

Ibn al-Akhwa explained that they are forbidden according to the adherents of the al-Shafi’i school, but it is permissible according to the al-Hanafi school.

as for the fourth topic, it dealt with scales, measures, and al-Adhrie.

finally, in the fifth topic, we dealt with some industries that we were able to identify through some references from Ibn al-Akhwa, such as the manufacture of combs and slippers, the tanning industry, fans and brooms.