الأمر و النهي بوصفهما نظاما أخلاقيا إلهيا : قراءة تأصيلية لإشكالية الحرية الفردية في ضوء القرآن الكريم

الملخص EN

Terms such as reformist thought, revolutionary spirit, social change, constructive criticism, ethical obligation, sense of responsibility, support, assistance and more represent pivotal elements in the construction of the just and righteous society, and all are exclusively encompassed within the Islamic principle of “enjoining good and forbidding evil.” Modern societies currently witness a strong presence ofvalues proposed by the philosophies of individualism, liberalism and democracy, and the declarations of human rights which raise the value of the individual and foster the disposition toward individual freedom.

This global trend poses a structural problem: how can some individuals possess the right -from a certain religious proposition- to interfere in the choices of other individuals and restrict their freewill by ordering or forbidding them from adopting a certain belief or performing a specific action (taking into consideration the aspect of dominance and influence present in the concept of commanding and prohibiting from a linguistic-‘usuli analysis)? The treatment of this problem occurs in light of the worldview upon which Islamic laws are founded.

If the organic relationship between the components of this worldview are not taken into consideration, a distortion will occur at the level of awareness of the concept of commanding good and forbidding evil.

One of the principles in Islamic doctrine is the creatorship and ownership of God, and therefore His authority (the absolute influence of His takwiniyah will), and from this, His legislative authority branches as He organizes the lives of humans and restricts their natural will by a set of values and rules.

Due to the fact that commands and prohibitions involve dominance over the choices of humans and a restriction of their freedoms, this exercise of power relies on legislative authority.

This authority may be concluded from evidence derived from the Quran which grants believers the right to interfere in the choices of one another in light of the divine legislative authority.

This interference is not considered a violation of individual liberty as the Islamic concept of liberty does not signify a human being acting according to his personal convictions and desires but the employment of his freewill with what conforms with the divine legislative will.